In Andorra there is only one single social security systemis responsible for the financial, administrative and technical management of the entire system: CASS - the Andorran Social Security Fund. It is a parapublic entity created in 1968.
The aim is to guarantee the protection of insured persons.
Under the control of the Andorran government, the CASS has several core missions:
- Formalise and carry out registrations, registrations, de-registrations and other variations of data for contributions.
- Carry out the corresponding services.
- To carry out the inspections and controls required for its mission.
- Resolve and manage the corresponding sanctions, as well as the collection of debts.
- Claiming and summoning the corresponding offenders and debtors via the courts.
- Other duties as indicated in the Social Security Act or other regulations.
In order to fulfil its missions, CASS has its own legal personality with the capacity to act, with all its own obligations and full rights. CASS is an institution competent to apply its administrative and technical rules to the conventions and different treaties relating to Social Security, and in order to carry out its functions, it may apply the commissions necessary for its proper functioning.
Branches of Social Security CASS
It is composed of two branches:
- The general branch: includes benefits for temporary incapacity, invalidity, reimbursement, maternity, risk during pregnancy, paternity, death grants and orphan's pensions.
- The retirement branch: includes the possible situation of loss of income due to loss of work or employment due to old age. It consists of the retirement pension, as well as the widow's or widower's pension for life or for a temporary period.
System composition:
The CASS system consists of the general scheme where most people join, and a special scheme for those who cannot join the general scheme.
General regime:
- Salaried workers
- The shepherds
- Paid sportsmen and sportswomen
- Paid political and public offices
- Civil servants
- Persons receiving a pension from the Government or Social Security
- Self-employed persons carrying out an economic activity in Andorra
- Persons with sharecropping contracts
- Company directors
Special regime:
- Persons with disabilities
- Orphans of both mother and father, or guardian
- Persons detained in penitentiary facilities
- Students between 25 - 30 years old
- Early retirees
- Persons who are voluntarily insured in the general insurance and pension schemes
- People who are paid less than the minimum wage and are indirectly insured
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Social Security Contributions CASS
According to Andorran legislation, all active persons must contribute a percentage of their gross salary, the percentage of the contribution depending on the type of activity.
Contribution of employees:
According to Andorran law, employees must pay 22% of their gross monthly salary. The amount is divided between the employer and the employee:
- The worker has to pay 6.5% of his gross monthly salary. 3% goes to the general branch and 3.5% to the retirement branch.
- The company allocates 15.5% of the salary (8.5% for retirement and 7% for the general branch).
It should be noted that the company is responsible for paying the corresponding amounts to CASS on a monthly basis, and some companies even pay a higher percentage in order to give their employees an advantage.
Contributions of self-employed persons:
Entrepreneurs (who work in their own company as directors) and self-employed persons are also covered by the CASS social insurance scheme. In their case, they are responsible for all contributions.
The 22% to be subtracted from the gross minimum wage 2,041.35, the contribution will be around €450. The 10% shall be for the general branch. and a 12% for retirement branch.
But in certain cases, those who meet the CASS requirements can apply for a reduction and pay less, but it is the CASS system itself that decides and with whom the case should be handled.
Andorra - Spain - France Social Security and Health Agreement
There are certain medical specialities and specific treatments that for some reason are not available in Andorra. In this circumstance, the Andorran Social Security has agreements with France (Toulouse) and Spain (Barcelona). Each patient can also choose the foreign centre where he/she prefers to be treated.
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Health and health in Andorra:
Andorra's healthcare system is considered one of its strongest points, based on the principles of solidarity (because people who cannot afford the co-payment are not exempted from receiving the service), freedom of doctor (patients can choose the doctor who will treat them) and co-responsibility (citizens pay directly for part of the treatment). It is a health system based on co-payment. of medical services between CASS and the citizen (insured).
Mostly, the citizen pays the corresponding cost and then CASS refunds the amount by transfer or similar method. These are the percentages:
- In health centres or outpatient clinics, for a visit or consultation with a specialist, medicines CASS covers at least 75% of the cost.
- Hospitalisations are covered by a 90%.
- Occupational diseases or accidents at work are covered at 100%.
The Andorran healthcare model is more similar to the French model than to the Spanish one. Each patient can choose his or her general practitioner and specialist. Only a few doctors are employed by the hospital, the rest are self-employed professionals who have an agreement with CASS. At the end of each visit, the patient pays 100% of the cost and then after a few hours or days, CASS reimburses the patient a minimum of 75%. The same applies to medicines and recited treatments.
It is important to note that if health expenses are incurred for other services that are not associated with CASS, the reimbursement will be a maximum of 33% of the total.
To summarise, in general Andorra's health expenditure is covered by 75% of social security contributions and taxes, the other 25% is paid directly out of pocket by the patients themselves..
